淡水细腕虾

Leptocarpus potamiscus  
   

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形态描述

形态特征:额角细长,由中部起向上翘,在基部具一较低矮的鸡冠状隆起,约2/5超出鳞片的末端;上具7~8齿,其基部的1齿位于眼眶后缘的头胸甲上,额角顶端上缘具2小齿,少数为3个:在基部齿与顶端齿之间有时还有1齿;下缘具7~9齿。有触角刺而无鳃甲刺,具一发达的鳃甲沟。
腹部各节的背面圆,第6节约为第5节长的1.5倍,尾节约为第6腹节的1.16倍,其背侧具2对背刺,前对约位于尾节的中部,后对位于前对和尾节后端之间而稍靠近前对的位置。尾节后端为尖刺状,其两侧各具2刺,外刺特别细而小,内刺粗长,约为外刺长的5倍。在两内刺的中央具1对短小的羽状刚毛。
第一触角柄刺伸不到基节的中部,前侧刺约伸至第二节的中部,基节的前缘稍凸,前侧刺清楚地超出其前凸缘,第三节清楚的长于第二节,末两节之和稍短于基节之长。上鞭愈合部为6节,内鞭的游离部为3~4节,约为愈合部长的6.6倍。第二触角鳞片约1/3超出第一触角柄的末端;基部1/3稍宽,长约为宽的3.3倍,叶瓣长,超出前侧刺。第三颚足约伸至第一触角柄第二节的中部;末2节约为末节长的1.5倍,末3节约为末2节长的1.4倍。 第一对步足约伸至鳞片与第一触角柄末端的中间位置;指节长于掌部,腕节约为螯长的2倍,约为腕节长的0.8倍,座节稍短于腕节的1/2。第二对步足腕节超出鳞片末端,比伸直的第三对步足的指尖稍长些;螯约为座节长的4/5,指节短于掌部,约为掌部长的5/6,指节的切缘基部具2齿,不动指为1齿,腕节等于或稍稍少于螯长的2倍,为长节的1.3倍。第三对步足细,稍微超出鳞片的末缘;掌节的后缘刺少,约为指节长的2.7倍,为腕节长的1.6倍,腕节为指节长的1.6倍,长节长于掌节,约为掌节长的1.2倍,座节短于腕节。第五对步细而长,掌节有一小半超出鳞片,指尖约伸至靠近额角的末端;掌节约为指节长的4.9倍,腕节约为指节长的2.7倍,长节短于掌节,约为掌节长的0.88倍,为座节长的2.2倍。
雄性第一腹肢内肢呈长卵圆形,内缘中部具一凹陷,上具几枚小刺,无内附肢。第二腹肢的雄附肢稍短于内附肢。
体色:体透明,具淡褐色斑纹,似巨指长臂虾的斑纹,但较浅,额角前部、腹部末端及尾肢呈淡红色,各腹肢的基部具一蓝色斑点。
体长:为39~49mm。卵小,卵径为0.45~0.48×0.56~0.60mm。
习性:生活于江河近出海口河段的淡水区或在河口区的半咸水中,与白虾、长臂虾同时捕获。

国外分布

印度,安达曼,泰国,马来西亚,印度尼西亚苏门答腊、爪哇。

Lj X Z and Liu J Y.2004.Report of Pontoniine Shrimps(Crustacea:Decapoda)collected by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions to Hainan Island,South China Sea.Ⅲ.Periclimenes.Chinese Journal of Oceanolo- gy and Limnology,22(1):89~100,figs.1~8
Palaemon potamiscus.一Suivart,1937:50
Kemp S 1918.Zoological results of a tour in Far East.Edited by N.Annandale.Part.V.(Crustadcea Decapoda and Stomatopoda).Mere.Asiat.Soc.Bengal 6:217~197.figs.1~12
Gordon I.1935a.On two new species of Crustacea from Christmas Island.Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.ser.10,16:629~ 637
Kemp S.1925.Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum.XVII.On various Caridea.Records of Indian Museum,27:249~343.figs.1~24
一Rai,1933:886
Bruce A J.1993a.Kakaducaris glabra gen.nov.,sp.nov.,a new freshwater shrimp from the Kakadu National Park,Northern Territory,Australia,Crustacea:Decapoda:Palaemonidae with the designation of a new subfam- ily KakaducarIdinae.Hydrobiologia,268:27~44,figs.1~12 Bruce A J.1993b.Some coral feef Pontoniine shrimps from Vietnam.Asian Marine Biology,10:55~75,figs.1~6
Holthuis L B.1950.The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition Part.10.The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with remarks on other species I. Subfamily Palaemoninae.Siboga-Ex peditie,Monogr. 39a↑10↑:1~268.figs.1~52
Chace F A,Jr and Bruce A J.1993.The Caridean Shrimps(Crustacea:Decapoda)of the Albatross Philippine Expedi- tion 1907~1910,Part 6:Superfamily Palaemonoidea.Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,543:i~vii,1~ 252,figs.1~23
Kemp S 1917.Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum.IX.Leander styli ferus Milne-Edwards and relat- ed forms.Records of Indian Museum,13:203~23l,pls.8~10
Nguyen V X.1992.Review of Palaemoninae(Crustacea:Decapoda:Caridea)from Vietnam,Macrobrachium excep- ted.Zoologische Mededeelingen.,66 (2):20~47.figs.1~12
Holthuis L B 1980.Shrimps and Prawns of the world.An Annotated cataloque of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish.Syn.125:I~xvii;1~231
Liu R Y,Liang X Q and Yan S L.1990b.A study of the Palaemoninae(Crustacea Decapoda)from China Ⅱ.Palae- mon,Exopalaemon,Palaemonetes and Leptocarpus.Studia Marina Sinica,31:229~265[刘瑞玉,梁象秋,严生良,1990b.中国长臂虾砸科的研究Ⅱ.长臂虾属、白虾属、小长臂虾属、细腕虾属.海洋科学集刊,31:229~265]

国内分布

广东(海康、台山)、南海北部中国沿岸

一Rai,1933:886
Lj X Z and Liu J Y.2004.Report of Pontoniine Shrimps(Crustacea:Decapoda)collected by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions to Hainan Island,South China Sea.Ⅲ.Periclimenes.Chinese Journal of Oceanolo- gy and Limnology,22(1):89~100,figs.1~8
Holthuis L B 1980.Shrimps and Prawns of the world.An Annotated cataloque of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish.Syn.125:I~xvii;1~231
Chace F A,Jr and Bruce A J.1993.The Caridean Shrimps(Crustacea:Decapoda)of the Albatross Philippine Expedi- tion 1907~1910,Part 6:Superfamily Palaemonoidea.Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,543:i~vii,1~ 252,figs.1~23
Gordon I.1935a.On two new species of Crustacea from Christmas Island.Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.ser.10,16:629~ 637
Kemp S.1925.Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum.XVII.On various Caridea.Records of Indian Museum,27:249~343.figs.1~24
Kemp S 1917.Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum.IX.Leander styli ferus Milne-Edwards and relat- ed forms.Records of Indian Museum,13:203~23l,pls.8~10
Holthuis L B.1950.The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition Part.10.The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with remarks on other species I. Subfamily Palaemoninae.Siboga-Ex peditie,Monogr. 39a↑10↑:1~268.figs.1~52
Palaemon potamiscus.一Suivart,1937:50
Liu R Y,Liang X Q and Yan S L.1990b.A study of the Palaemoninae(Crustacea Decapoda)from China Ⅱ.Palae- mon,Exopalaemon,Palaemonetes and Leptocarpus.Studia Marina Sinica,31:229~265[刘瑞玉,梁象秋,严生良,1990b.中国长臂虾砸科的研究Ⅱ.长臂虾属、白虾属、小长臂虾属、细腕虾属.海洋科学集刊,31:229~265]
Kemp S 1918.Zoological results of a tour in Far East.Edited by N.Annandale.Part.V.(Crustadcea Decapoda and Stomatopoda).Mere.Asiat.Soc.Bengal 6:217~197.figs.1~12
Nguyen V X.1992.Review of Palaemoninae(Crustacea:Decapoda:Caridea)from Vietnam,Macrobrachium excep- ted.Zoologische Mededeelingen.,66 (2):20~47.figs.1~12
Bruce A J.1993a.Kakaducaris glabra gen.nov.,sp.nov.,a new freshwater shrimp from the Kakadu National Park,Northern Territory,Australia,Crustacea:Decapoda:Palaemonidae with the designation of a new subfam- ily KakaducarIdinae.Hydrobiologia,268:27~44,figs.1~12 Bruce A J.1993b.Some coral feef Pontoniine shrimps from Vietnam.Asian Marine Biology,10:55~75,figs.1~6